TLDR
Types of ethics Normatives ethics utilitarianism deontology consequentialism
Intro
Ethics:
- Meta Ethics → being a nerd and analysing it
- Normative Ethics → like morals?
- study of what is right and wrong
- Applied Ethics → applying it to real uses?
- applying normative ethics to real life
Normative ethics
Categories:
- Consequentialism
- Deontology
- Virtue Ethics
Consequentialism
The consequenes are the only thing that matter when evaluating a decision agent neutral:
- no matter who makes the decision, everyone should make the same decision
- everyone should be able to look at the same scenario and make the same choices
Deontology
They care about the morals Killing is always wrong
Deontology is an ethical theory that says actions are good or bad according to a clear set of rules. Actions that align with these rules are ethical, while actions that don’t aren’t.
simialr to rule utilitarinism as it is as “rule based ethics” but different as the rules are different
Virtue Ethics
Right action determined by what a “good person” would do. Focus on a person’s character and virtue.
Utilitarianism
Founded by: Jeremy Bentham
Similar to consequentialism weights everyones’ happiness and pain equal looking at pleasure and happiness → more so classical utilitarism → very hedonistic Ethical Altruism:
- doing something that brings the most happiness, even at lost
- prioritises the wellbeing of others over oneself
preferential utilitarinism:
- some people have different weightings for what people want.
- the most people get the things that they want and the least people get the things they dont want.
Objective vs subjective utilitarism:
- objective, just look at the consequences → did your action lead to the most utility
- the fact you didn’t know the future doesn’t care whether you did somthing you think
- Subjective
- judges you on something you would reasonable expect to happen
- what you would reasonably expect at a given time
act utilitarianism vs rule utilitarianism
- Act utilitarianism:
- form of utilitarianism → every action is judged individually
- choose the choice that maximises ur utility
- look at the impact
- Rule utilitarianism
- also interest in the ‘goodness’ and ‘badness’ of which the action is executed
- moral to follow rules that if everyone were to follow, would maximise utility
- the rules are decided by the consequences - utilitarisnims
Ethical Egoism
The self is the most important:
- if you could sell everyones soul for a cookie, you do it since it brings you benefit
- franklin mentality (i.e real and based)
relative utilitarianism?